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temperature gradient

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temperature gradient 氣溫(變化)陡度〔尤指高度增加下的變化〕。

氣溫(變化)陡度〔尤指高度增加下的變化〕。 “temperature“ 中文翻譯：   n. 1.溫度，氣溫。 2.體溫。 3.〔口語〕發燒，高 ...“gradient“ 中文翻譯：   adj. 1.傾斜的。 2.【動物；動物學】步行的，能步 ...“gradient of temperature“ 中文翻譯：   溫度梯度“gradient, temperature“ 中文翻譯：   溫度梯度“adiabatic temperature gradient“ 中文翻譯：   絕熱溫度梯度“air temperature gradient“ 中文翻譯：   氣溫梯度“allowable temperature gradient“ 中文翻譯：   容許溫度梯度“axial-temperature gradient“ 中文翻譯：   軸向溫度梯度“column temperature gradient“ 中文翻譯：   柱溫梯度“core-skin temperature gradient“ 中文翻譯：   體中心-皮膚溫度遞度,核心皮膚溫度梯度“decreasing temperature gradient“ 中文翻譯：   減溫梯度“downward temperature gradient“ 中文翻譯：   向下溫度梯度“furnace temperature gradient“ 中文翻譯：   爐溫梯度“geothermal-gradient temperature“ 中文翻譯：   據地熱梯度推算的地下溫度“gradient temperature cure“ 中文翻譯：   溫差硫化“horizontal temperature gradient“ 中文翻譯：   水平溫度梯度; 水平向溫度梯度“inversion of temperature gradient“ 中文翻譯：   溫度梯度倒轉“measured temperature gradient“ 中文翻譯：   實測溫度梯度“negative temperature gradient“ 中文翻譯：   負溫度梯度; 負溫度梯數“normal temperature gradient“ 中文翻譯：   正常溫度梯度“original temperature gradient“ 中文翻譯：   原始溫度梯度“potential temperature gradient“ 中文翻譯：   位溫梯度“pulsed temperature gradient“ 中文翻譯：   脈沖溫度陡度“radiative temperature gradient“ 中文翻譯：   輻射溫度梯度“rock temperature gradient“ 中文翻譯：   巖溫率

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The conclusions obtained as follows : firstly , the structure ' s free frequency is decreased by the reduction of the mechanical property of the material with the increasing temperature ; secondly the thermal stress produced by the temperature gradient may decrease or enlarge the structures natural frequency ; thirdly , the variety of natural frequency of the alloy structures effected by the heat effect apparently higher than that of the composite material structures 最后，采用ansys程序分析了合金材料、復合材料的板、彈體結構的熱振動特性。在不同的熱載條件下，取得以下結論：升溫導致的材料機械性能下降都會降低結構固有頻率，而溫度梯度產生的熱應力可能降低也可能提高結構的固有頻率；金屬材料結構的固有頻率受溫度的影響要比復合材料結構的固有頻率受溫度的影響要明顯。

It is proved by experiment that the linear temperature distribution , which generates linear wavelength spread of the output beams from a ld bar , can be obtained by introducing a temperature gradient heat sink and the output beams can be focused into a relative small spot by using the czerny - turner beam combining system 本文探討了利用溫度控制波長的原理，提出了溫度梯度熱沉的初步設想，及耦合光學系統的設計。初步實驗的結果證明利用czerny - turner光束耦合系統，可以改善慢軸上的光束質量，將光束聚焦到較小的尺度。

In this paper , an ingot of niobium - niobium silicide based in - situ composites ( rmics ) was prepared by arc melting process , and nb - nb3si / nb5si3 in - situ composites with a uniformly orientated microstructure were produced in a high temperature gradient directional solidification apparatus named electron beam floating zone melting ( ebfzm ) . the relationships between the processing parameters and the characteristics of the solidified microstructure have been investigated . the influence of the microstructure on the mechanical properties has been revealed and the rupture mechanism at room temperature has been discussed 本文采用真空電弧自耗熔煉法制備了鈮?硅基rmics材料的母合金錠，并采用電子束區熔( ebfzm )高溫度梯度定向凝固裝置制備了定向效果良好的nb - nb _ 3si nb _ 5si _ 3共晶自生復合材料，并對其定向凝固工藝參數和組織之間的對應規律、組織特性進行了研究，探討了凝固組織對室溫力學性能的影響及其斷裂機制。

Based on the results of previous researchers , the following instigations have been carried out in this paper : ( 1 ) employing a reasonable local resonance model which can accurately embody the heat - generation behavior due to resonance and vibration - heat mode in delaminated region , the dynamic response and temperature distribution in the small delamination region of a laminated beam are formulated . influence of the excitation frequency on the temperature gradient formation is analyzed numerically , and several meaningful conclusions are drawn . ( 2 ) for laminated plates with delaminations , due to complexity of the analytical solution , the finite element method is employed to analyze their temperature distributions and satisfactory results are also obtained 本文在前人研究的基礎上，對此方法進行了進一步的探討，主要做了以下的工作： ( 1 )選取合理的、能夠準確反映由共振而產生熱量的行為的局部響應模型，以及合理的振動熱模式，推導了一維層合梁小脫層區域的振動響應及梁的溫度分布，并編制程序計算了該層合梁在激勵一段時間后的溫度分布趨勢，分析了激勵頻率對溫度梯度形成的影響，得到了一些有意義的結論； ( 2 )對于二維層合板，由于解析解的形式異常復雜，本文采用有限元計算軟件對其溫度分布進行了分析，也得到了較為滿意的結果。

However , when both temperature gradient and compressive stress exist , the interaction between mechano - electric effect and seebeck effect is obvious . so methods are suggested to remove the coupling effect . similarly , electromechanical effect of cfrc can affect electrothermal effect and vice versa 碳纖維混凝土的電力效應與電熱效應的耦合關系明顯，一方面，電力效應中包含有電熱效應的貢獻；另一方面，電力效應所引起的微結構變化導致碳纖維混凝土電阻的增加。

According to the result , from the 20 to 100 the mechanism load effect is principle factor affecting the stress , the stress of the body and the board between 90 ~ 180 mpa . above 100 the thermal effect become the principle factor . the stress is generated by temperature gradient 分析結果表明,工作溫度在常溫到100時,機械載荷的作用為影響應力的主要因素,箱體的應力值在90mpa以下,底板上的應力值在180mpa以下;溫度在100以上時,溫度載荷的作用成為主要影響因素,應力的分布與溫度梯度的分布相一致,這時應力主要是由于溫度梯度產生的熱應力。

The key to prediction of casting shrinkage / porosity lies in ascertaining the critical value of temperature gradient and niyama criterion . the thesis put forward two methods to ascertain the value , one is which is positive - direction and the other is negative - direction . we verify the realistic arithmetic of temperature gradient method and niyama criterion method by experiment , and we can draw a conclusion that the arithmetic is correct and reasonable in most cases and choice of developing tool is sound 臨界梯度值和新山判據臨界值的確定是實現縮孔縮松預測的關鍵，本文提出了確定臨界值的正向法和反向法，并以高鉻鑄鐵件縮孔縮松預測和鑄造工藝改進為研究對象，應用正向法，確定了溫度梯度法的臨界值為180 m 。

If the soil water content is gradually added from very little value , the value of water content gradient resulted from temperature gradient first is lower , then bigger and finally lower . based on the test data , a linear regression equation about temperature and water content is got . after deciding the temperature and moisture distribution of the soil samples , the problem of coupled thermal and moisture is discussed , the temperature distributions show that the heat - conducting coefficient is related to the density and water content 由溫度場的分布可以得到：在溫度梯度的作用下，導熱系數是變化的，而導熱系數沿長度方向的變化，使得穩態溫度場沿長度方向成非線性分布；密實度對溫度場分布的影響是干密度越大導熱系數越大；初始含水量對溫度場分布的影響是含水量增大，導熱系數也增大，達到最大值后，含水量增加導熱系數反而減少，含水量對溫度場的分布有顯著的影響。

The temperature gradient and concentration gradient were both large in the near - wall region . although the thermophoresis force could affect the 50 - micron particle , the concentration did not change as large as 2 - micron particle because of the large mass and the wall effect 熱泳力對粒徑為50微米的顆粒也有影響，但是由于顆粒的質量較大，再加上壁面效應，其作用效果遠沒有2微米顆粒明顯，僅在近壁區顆粒的濃度略有升高，而其它部分基本不變。

This instrument was originally designed for the paint industry ( hence name ) but now has many other applications outside the paint industry where an accurate temperature gradient plate is required such as foods , cosmetics , confectionery , wrapping papers , adhesives , etc 本儀器的原型是為涂料工業設計制造，但是，目前也廣泛用于涂料工業之外，包括許多需要溫度梯度測定的應用行業，比如：食品，化妝品，口香糖；包裝紙，膠帶等。

So improve the structure of bearing stand rib to resist stress and stain . change the radiating condition , reducing the temperature gradient , which can reduce the heat stress . in modal analysis , both body and shafting have the resonance vibration frequency in the work condition 根據分析結果對結構提出了改進措施,增厚軸承支撐的加強筋,以提高其抵抗變形和應力的能力,同時對機體要外加冷卻散熱方式,降低熱應力的影響。

Then according to temperature gradient and humidity gradient , which are the essential factors inducing concrete cracks , distribution of thermal and moisture within young concrete and numerical methods to calculate temperature stress and shrinkage stress are systematically analyzed 然后針對引起混凝土開裂的本質因素即混凝土內部的溫濕度梯度，系統地分析了混凝土溫濕度場的變化規律及溫度應力和干縮應力的數值計算方法。

Again , the probabilities of vehicle axle load and temperature gradient were studied ; the design method of cement concrete pavements considering ultimate bearing capacity was proposed , and the typical pavement structures meeting the levels of axle load limits were developed also 再次,研究了車輛軸載與溫度梯度的概率特征,提出了考慮極限承載力的混凝土路面設計方法,并擬定了滿足各級極限軸載的典型混凝土路面結構形式。

On the contrary , if temperature gradient is relatively low , combustor only undergo low compressive stress at high temperature . the combustor of engine has a longer life length . these results can provide some reference for maintain and design for gas turbine combustor 分析也表明，若在起動過程中筒壁的溫度梯度較為平緩，火焰筒的氣膜唇邊在起動完成后始終受微小的壓應力作用，火焰筒的壽命可以大大延長。

2 ) simulation of the heat transfer across the walls : there are two methods , finite thickness solid method and semi - infinite solid method , to simulate the heat transfer across the walls when the temperature gradient along the height and the width of the wall is ignored 在火災環境下,忽略高度和寬度方向的溫度變化,采用一維熱傳導方程,建筑、圍護結構適用兩種傳熱模型:有限厚度模型和半無限大厚度模型。

As crystallization progresses across the temperature gradient , it is possible to move the sample by precise stepper motor control ( at specified rate ) in the opposite direction so that the crystallization front remains in the field of view 當沿著溫度梯度方向發生結晶過程的時候，可以向相反方向通過高精度步進馬達移動樣品，這樣可以把結晶前沿始終保持在視域中。

In this paper , one high temperature gradient directional solidification apparatus with liquid metal cooling ( lmc ) was used . the technology parameter of preparation for ni , cr , al - tac eutectic in - situ composite was optimized 本文采用lmc高溫度梯度定向凝固裝置，對ni ， cr ， al - tac共晶自生復合材料進行了深入的研究，優化了該種自生復合材料的制備工藝。

Single crystal with 15mm in diameter and 30mm in length was growen . the temperature gradient was 40 ? / cm and the growing speed was 10mm / day . analysis of x - ray diffraction showed the crystal is aggas2 single crystal 在40 cm的溫度梯度、 10mm day的生長速率條件下生長出直徑15mm 、長度30mm的晶體， x射線衍射分析表明是aggas _ 2單晶體。

The results indicate that soil water moves from the warm end to the cool end in both gaseous and aqueous phases under temperature gradient , which causes changes of matric po 研究表明，在溫度勢梯度影響下土壤水分以液態和汽態兩種狀態從暖端向冷端遷移，從而引起暖端基質勢的相應改變，導致水分在兩種勢梯度交互作用下逐漸達到平衡。