x

shop drawing

uploads/shop drawing.jpg

shop drawing 制造圖。

制造圖。 “shop“ 中文翻譯：   n. 1.〔英國〕鋪子；店鋪；(零售)商店〔美國用 st ...“drawing“ 中文翻譯：   n. 1.延引，牽引；引誘。 2.抽簽；拈鬮。 3.【機 ...“drawing shop“ 中文翻譯：   拔絲車間“shop detail drawing“ 中文翻譯：   工廠施工詳圖; 加工詳圖; 施工詳圖“in shop“ 中文翻譯：   店內店“in the shop“ 中文翻譯：   在商店里“shop“ 中文翻譯：   n. 1.〔英國〕鋪子；店鋪；(零售)商店〔美國用 store〕；(大商店里的)特殊部門。 2.〔pl.〕工廠；工場；車間；修理所。 3.(本人的)職業；本行；業務。 4. 〔俚語〕工作；職業。 5.事務所；辦事處；機構；場所。 6.家；自己的家。 7.房屋；建筑物。 8.學校；大學(等)；〔the S-〕〔英俚〕〔廢語〕陸軍軍官學校。 closed shop 〔美國〕不得雇用非工會會員的企業。 back [repair] shops 修理廠[車間]。 Shop! 〔在店門口向里面喊〕喂，有沒有人! Cut the shop! 別講本行的事! How are they all at your shop 〔俚語〕府上各位好嗎？ all over the shop 〔俚語〕零亂；雜亂；到處；任意；盲目。 come [go] to the wrong shop 〔俚語〕找錯門道，找錯了人〔指求助、打聽消息等〕。 keep(a) shop 開店；照管店務。 set up shop 開店；開始營業。 shut up shop 1. 停止(工作、游戲等)。 2. 歇業；關店；宣告破產。 sink the shop 不談自己職業上的[本行的，專門的]事情。 smell of the shop 商人氣息；行業氣息。 talk shop 動不動談自己職業上的事情；三句話不離本行；說行話。 the other shop 作為競爭勁敵的企業、學校或是其他機構。 vi. (-pp-) 1.買東西(去)。 2.到處尋找。 vt. 1.〔俚語〕逮捕；投入監獄。 2.〔俚語〕密告；出賣(某人)。 3.選購(商品)；挑選(商品)。 4.送往修理所修理。 5.〔美國〕解雇。 go shopping 去買東西。 shop around 1. 到處選購；到一家一家店鋪訪求[買東西]。 2. 〔美國〕找事[好職位]。 -at-home adj. 〔美國〕(通過電話或網上訂貨等手段)在家購物的。 “shop-in“ 中文翻譯：   黑人針對實行種族歧視的自動商店采取的一種示威行動“drawing“ 中文翻譯：   n. 1.延引，牽引；引誘。 2.抽簽；拈鬮。 3.【機械工程】拔絲；沖壓成形。 4.描畫，制圖；圖，圖形；素描；圖畫。 5.【紡織；印染】練條；【機械工程】回火，退火。 6.(支票等的)開發，付給；〔pl.〕 〔英國〕售得金額。 make a rough drawing of 給…畫草圖。 a lineal [line] drawing 素描。 a watercolour drawing 水彩畫。 a working drawing 施工圖。 in [out] drawing (不)合畫法，畫得(不)準確；和環境(不)相稱。 make a drawing 打圖樣。 “drawing-in“ 中文翻譯：   拉進 穿經“in drawing“ 中文翻譯：   畫得精確“shop in shop“ 中文翻譯：   店中店，子店“shop-in-shop“ 中文翻譯：   店中店“commission shop secondehand shop“ 中文翻譯：   信托店“commission shop secondhand shop“ 中文翻譯：   寄賣店; 寄售店“repair shop, service shop“ 中文翻譯：   檢修間“as-completed drawing as-built drawing“ 中文翻譯：   修改圖竣工圖“detail drawing, working drawing“ 中文翻譯：   零件圖“drawing desk，drawing table“ 中文翻譯：   制圖桌“drawing table，drawing desk“ 中文翻譯：   制圖桌“isometric drawing; detail drawing“ 中文翻譯：   透視圖“schedule drawing; engineering drawing“ 中文翻譯：   工程圖“silk for drawing on; drawing“ 中文翻譯：   silk畫絹“a embly shop“ 中文翻譯：   裝配車間“a fruit shop“ 中文翻譯：   一爿水果店

shop girl

This paper has mainly achieved the auto design system for the structure of prestressed composite slab , which realized intellectualized collocation of the precast slab , pick - up and calculation of the continuous beam model , check of the precast slab , auto generation of the calculations and shop drawings , ect , and which greatly increased the design level of structure system of prestressed composite slab 本文主要完成了預應力疊合樓蓋體系自動設計系統，實現了結構平面預制板的智能布置、連續梁模型的提取與計算、預制板校核、生成計算書及施工圖等功能，大大提高了預應力疊合樓蓋體系的設計水平。

This dissertation brings forward the method of obtaining cad system , which can be used to design shop drawings of structured cabling project in intelligent building , through studying further development of autocad 2000 . the shop drawings cad elementary program of structured cabling project is compiled according to the method described in this dissertation 本文通過研究對autocad2000進行二次開發，提出了開發智能建筑結構化布線工程施工圖cad系統的方法，并根據本文的研究思路和方法編寫了結構化布線施工圖cad系統的基本程序。

Firstly , the paper sums up program foundation of the auto design system for the structure of prestressed composite slab , in which object - oriented programming and multi - language programming are discussed emphatically . secondly , the paper illustrates program design of the auto design system in preprocess section , analyses calculation section and postprocess section respectively , in which the function design of the intellectualized collocation , the continuous beam model , the check of the precast slab , auto generation of the calculations and shop drawings is described weightily . finally , the practical design methods and process of the structure system of prestressed composite slab are expatiated by representative example 在綜述了預應力樓蓋體系以及計算機輔助設計的相關內容，分析了國內外研究現狀，研究了疊合樓蓋的受力機理、抗彎抗剪性能以及經濟指標后，文中首先概括了預應力疊合樓蓋體系自動設計系統的編程基礎，其中重點討論了面向對象程序設計和混合語言編程技術；然后分前期處理、分析計算、后期處理三部分，詳細說明了預應力疊合樓蓋體系自動設計系統的程序設計，其中突出描述了程序所特有的智能布置、連續梁模型、預制板校核、生成計算書及施工圖等功能的設計；最后用實例講述了預應力疊合樓蓋體系的實際設計方法及步驟。

Main achievements of the thesis : through analysis of the reasons of blockwork crack , i put forwards the measures on material production , shop drawing design and construction management , etc . especially , i put forwards to theory that changing traditional painting technics to avoid crack of painting layer . the application of above measures in engineering proved they are effective 介紹了砌塊在國內外的發展與應用，研究了混凝土裂縫產生的機理，裂縫的形態及裂縫產生的原因，進一步分析研究了砌塊墻體開裂的各種因素，提出了在設計、生產、施工等環節的治理開裂措施。

First of all , because of the presence of duality economy , according to the fashion of the construction auction - and - bid and the computing fashion of construction cost , there are two modes , that is inviting public bidding in shop drawing budget and in the technique of calculating price of bills of quantities 本文研究主要內容是經濟體制轉型時期工程量清單招標實施方案和工程實物量清單招標的實施程序。首先，由于我國經濟體制轉型時期二元經濟并存，導致在工程招標投標報價的方法也為二元模式：施工圖預算招標、工程量清單招標。

Considering the shape expression modes are more diversiform , dispersed , and complex in shop drawing , many notations in shop drawing contain shape information , also with distinct characteristics , a new method of extracting engineering quality based on notation entities functional semantics is put forward in chapter 5 建筑圖樣形體形狀的表達方式豐富、多樣，建筑圖樣的很多標注中蘊涵形體的形狀信息，并且這些標注具有明顯的視圖特點。論文第五章通過分析施工圖中的標注和建筑物功能部件的關聯特征，提出了基于標注實體功能語義的工程量信息獲取方法。

The author considers as follows : ( 1 ) we should understand how to define the price of architecture products the cost of engineering and the price of engineering , we should compare the connotations of plan price , float price and market price , we should clarify how engineering cost and architecture installation engineering cost are formed and what is the difference between balance price and final accounts price ; ( 2 ) through analyzing and comparing the account bases and composing contents of enterprise individual production cost and social average production cost , analyzing from the design mechanism ' s function of auction and bid and the purpose of actualizing auction and bid , we can confirm that the foundation that the titles are weeded when judged is enterprise individual production cost , not social average production cost ; ( 3 ) the author considers there is diverge between shop drawing budget based on ration and auction and bid , carrying out bill quantity of construction works can advance the formation of cons truction - product market price , also is the outset and integrant route to close international , but though code of valuation with bill quantity of construction works has a lot of advantage to advance the form of architecture market price , we also see it has lack and it should be amended 針對以上問題，筆者認為：應該了解建筑產品價格與工程造價、工程價格是如何界定的、比較建筑產品的計劃價格、浮動價格與市場價格的含義，搞清楚工程造價的構成和建筑安裝工程費用的構成以及竣工結算價格與決算價格的區別；通過分析、比較建筑產品的“社會平均生產成本”和“企業個別生產成本”的計算依據和構成內容，從招標投標的設計機制的功能和實施招投標的目的來分析，確認在評標中剔除低于成本價標書的依據是投標企業的個別生產成本，而不是社會平均生產成本；筆者認為以定額為計價依據的施工圖預算方法與招標投標之間存在悖論，工程量清單計價的推行是對建筑產品市場價格形成改革的推進，也是建筑產品價格形成方式與國際接軌的開端與必經之路，但是也必須認識到雖然《建設工程工程量清單計價規范》具有推進建筑市場價格形成的諸多優勢，但仍存在不足與需要完善的地方。

The rates or prices shall be deemed to be fixed and shall cover all costs of every kind whatsoever ( and increase to them ) including but not limited to engineering , production of shop drawing , office charges , supervision , labour , transport , material , mobilization of equipment , legal charges , duties , royalties and taxes 合同期內的單價或價格均視為固定的，已包括了所有的成本費用（無論增加與否） ，諸如工程費、圖紙制作費、辦公費、監督費、人工費、運輸費、材料費、機械移動費、法律、關稅、版稅及各種稅金。

In chapter 2 , we analyze shop drawings hierarchically such as projection relation , expression mode and dimension restriction , etc ; conclude the main difference between mechanical and architectural drawings , based on it , strategies of knowledge - based engineering drawing computer understanding aim at shop drawings are introduced 論文第二章面向圖形理解對施工圖語義從表達方式、投影關系、尺寸約束等不同層次進行了分析，歸納出建筑圖樣和機械圖樣視圖表達方式的主要區別，針對現有的三維重建策略在建筑圖樣圖形理解中的局限性，提出了針對建筑圖樣的基于知識的建筑圖理解策略。

Paper still analyses the graphics and construct request of nation criterion “ plane express way and structure detail drawing of concrete frame shop drawing “ , use data base theory to set up data base of “ plane method “ . the system use odbc technique read the data in the database , after treating , storage the new data to database . whole system is completed in vc + + 6 . 0 environment 文章通過對框架柱鋼筋信息影響參數和構造要求的研究，建立框架柱鋼筋幾何信息的參數化圖庫；通過對“平法”構造詳圖中的數據、圖形、構造要求進行研究，運用數據庫理論詳細表達其中的內容，建立針對構造詳圖的數據庫；系統可直接調用數據庫的數據，當規范修改時，只需要改變數據庫的數據，對系統影響不大。

This paper analyses the annotated rules of the steel information of the frame column expressed in “ plane method “ construction drawing , sums up the expressed characteristics of the reinforcement information of the frame column , the object - oriented method is adopted to get the expressed pattern of the steel information . owing to “ plane method “ shop drawing steel information is expressed by geometry parameter , combine of the shop drawing and the detailed construct drawing can full express the steel information . by study of the information , this paper set up the steel parameter graph base 對“平法”施工圖中框架柱鋼筋信息的注寫規則進行了深入的分析和研究，對完整反映框架柱鋼筋的各類信息表達特點進行了歸納，在此基礎上利用面向對象的程序設計方法及c + +語言建立了描述框架柱鋼筋所有信息的表達模型；由于在“平法”施工圖中各類構件鋼筋的幾何信息是一種抽象的以參數表達的信息，影響參數由圖中鋼筋的標注信息和標準構造詳圖中的構造要求確定。

By being responsible for respective contractors and / or service systems which includes management of the processes for the contractor to submit and approve documentation for design , shop drawings , samples , safety plans and risk assessments , variations , schedule and quality related issues under the guidance of pe or spe 通過在項目工程師或高級項目工程師的指導下，負責對各個承包商和/或服務系統包括對承包商遞交和審批涉及、施工圖、樣品、安全計劃和危害評估、變更、與計劃和質量相關事務的過程管理。

In our experience facade detailed design by the curtain wall industry follows a pattern in which an overall system design is worked out in sufficient detail to permit the contractor to then subdivide the shop drawing work in to rational , compartmentalized , separate packages which permit incremental review and approval by the architect 以我們的經驗，幕墻行業所提供的幕墻深化設計應該是完成一個整體的系統設計，此系統設計應有足夠的細節來使得承包商能夠將深化設計圖工作分割為有效的、部分的、相互獨立的一些工作包，從而方便建筑師進行進一步的審批。

To realize engineering quantity information extracting based on shop drawings , recognizing diversified functional components in shop drawings based on drawing understanding is essential , which is in fact a method of “ engineering drawing computer understanding “ or “ the 3d reconstruction “ in general 基于圖形理解的工程量信息獲取方法，實質是在對施工圖進行圖形理解的基礎上，識別出建筑物的各種功能部件，廣義上是建筑圖樣的計算機理解和三維重建方法研究。

However , the shop drawings design of structured cabling system is generally taken by hand , and then realized by the help of common drawing software like autocad , which thoroughly lose pace with the highly - speed development of construction technology of structured cabling system 但目前結構化布線工程的施工圖設計基本上仍然是由設計者手工進行，然后利用autocad等通用繪圖軟件繪圖。其落后的設計手段已經遠遠不能適應結構化布線系統施工技術的高速發展。

This dissertation advances that synthetic operation of engineering pipelines in a residential area is composed of two stages : layout synthesis and design synthesis , and the design synthesis is composed of outline design stage and shop drawing investigation stage 本文提出了建筑小區工程管線綜合工作階段劃分：建筑小區工程管線規劃綜合和建筑小區工程管線設計綜合。其中設計綜合又分為兩個工作階段：初步設計綜合和施工圖檢查調整。

New nature golf course construction co . limited is a multiple service group including golf course planning and design , shop drawing design , item consultation , golf course budget , special modeling construction , golf course project supervision etc 新自然高爾夫球場建設有限公司是一家以高爾夫球場規劃設計、施工圖設計深化、項目咨詢、高爾夫球場預算、專業造型施工、總包施工、高爾夫球場工程監理于一體的集團公司。

Designers from our department are all graduated from heating ventilation air - conditioner major , and trained by technical members from shanghai and german , they are charge of design , shop drawing inspection , installing and building management 房地產：為房地產管理部門的房地產數據管理房屋產權管理及日常辦公提供高度集成的系統軟件，提供房地產管理的業務水平和辦公效率。

Shop drawings design in structured cabling project should ascertain cabling equipments and cables “ routes according to design criteria and user ' s demand , and should produce firstly needs table of equipment and material quantity 結構化布線工程的施工圖設計需要根據設計規范和用戶需求確定系統各組件及布線路徑，同時需要生成主要設備和材料用量報表。