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shakedown

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shakedown n.1.搖落。2.臨時鋪的地鋪。3.〔美俚〕敲詐，勒索。...

n. 1.搖落。 2.臨時鋪的地鋪。 3.〔美俚〕敲詐，勒索。 4.狂舞。 “bayside shakedown“ 中文翻譯：   跳躍大搜查線; 跳躍的大搜查線“elastic shakedown“ 中文翻譯：   彈性安定比“equipment shakedown“ 中文翻譯：   設備試運轉“shakedown analysis“ 中文翻譯：   篩簡分析“shakedown cruise“ 中文翻譯：   試航；成軍巡航; 試驗航行“shakedown design“ 中文翻譯：   新工藝試用設計“shakedown equipment“ 中文翻譯：   落砂設備“shakedown flight“ 中文翻譯：   初次試飛“shakedown load“ 中文翻譯：   安定狀態載荷“shakedown machine“ 中文翻譯：   落砂機“shakedown period“ 中文翻譯：   調整期; 試航期; 試運行期, 試運轉周期, 試用期“shakedown run“ 中文翻譯：   試車，調動啟動，試運轉“shakedown temperary“ 中文翻譯：   臨時的“shakedown test“ 中文翻譯：   安裝調整試驗; 調試“shakedown trial“ 中文翻譯：   檢查性試航“a shakedown of drug dealers“ 中文翻譯：   對毒販進行的徹底搜查“bayside shakedown 2“ 中文翻譯：   為了海灣風浪平2“post shakedown availability“ 中文翻譯：   新船試航后維修期“post shakedown availability {= psa“ 中文翻譯：   成軍巡航后修護時間“post shakedown availabilityty“ 中文翻譯：   新船試航后尾修船“a shakedown voyage flight trial etc“ 中文翻譯：   最后試航“shakedia jones“ 中文翻譯：   謝克迪婭瓊斯“shakedia“ 中文翻譯：   謝克迪亞; 謝克迪婭“shake; check“ 中文翻譯：   裂紋“shake-up“ 中文翻譯：   n. 1.〔美口〕動亂；騷動。 2.搖動；震動；激動；攪動。 3.〔俚語〕機構的大改組；人員大變動。 “shake-table test“ 中文翻譯：   振動臺試驗

shaken

In this thesis , the strain - hardening model of contact surface layer , the numerical theories and computational methods for shakedown analyses of contact body are systematically studied and applied to the aero - gear . the mentality is that the effects of the surface hardening and contact fatigue on contact surface layer under cycle contact loading are investigated by using shakedown analysis methods considering in a quantitative way the details of stress - inelastic strain responses , residual stress and residual strain computations 在國家“航空基金” 、 “總裝預研基金”等課題的資助下，本文以接觸體安定分析與接觸表面層疲勞裂紋萌生壽命預測一般算法研究為手段，深入、系統研究了接觸體安定分析的數值理論和計算方法，全面研究了影響航空齒輪表面強化層失效的原因并提出了齒輪表面強化層裂紋萌生壽命的預測方法。

Studying on the shakedown theories and plastic deformation of contact surface layer the shakedown of contact surface layer is related to the strain - hardening models of materials , such as isotropic hardening , kinematic - hardening , and mixed - hardening . the existing results based on experiments and theory show that the shearing strain behavior of contact surface layer caused by friction can be comparatively described with kinematic - hardening 研究中，圍繞強化后接觸表面疲勞問題，從強化模型選擇、接觸表層安定性存在的條件及其失效規律，進行了詳細的概念定義、定理證明及推論演算等理論工作，為接觸表面層安定性的數值模擬和疲勞分析奠定了理論基礎。

The direct analysis method has more efficient than the line programming for the shakedown analysis of contact surface layer , therefore , the mentality of shakedown analysis of contact surface layer was introduced based on the direct analysis method as follows : first , the direct method for shakedown analysis was presented and its application to a two - dimensional rolling / sliding contact problem was demonstrated . the direct method consists of operator split technique , which transforms the elastic - plastic problem into a purely elastic problem and a residual problem with prescribed eigenstrains , and an incremental projection method to determine the eigenstrain 這些方法各有創新，其特點是計算速度快、收斂性好及精度可靠，計算規模避免了彈塑性隨動強化分析的非線性的影響，并使彈塑性問題轉化為殘余問題和線彈性問題，適用于滾動、滾滑及滑動接觸失效分析，從而有效地解決了接觸體安定性分析與裂紋萌生壽命預測的實際問題，也是本文對表面強化接觸失效的安定分析成為可能。

This methodology avoids the operation of mathematical programming in traditional method of shakedown analysis and therefore obstruction due to large scale mathematical programming is overcome . the method for constructing a residual stress field based on the elasto - plastic analysis for soil structures do not need the linearization of the yield condition . the accuracy of numerical solution depends on elasto - plastic analysis 鑒于以上原因，本文深入、系統地研究了結構安定性分析的數值理論和計算方法，在此基礎上，基于經典安定理論建立了安定性分析的數值計算方法，并將其運用到巖土工程中地基的靜、動力穩定性評價中。

The wind tunnel data acquisition and processing system designed by this thesis work has passed the shakedown test , and utilizing this system several wind tunnel experiments have been conducted successfully , including an unmanned airplane model and a glider model . accurate experimental data and valuable experimental conclusions are obtained 本文設計的風洞數據采集與處理系統已經通過調試，并很好地完成了無人機實驗、滑翔機實驗等多項實驗任務；得到了較高精度的實驗數據和有價值的實驗結論。

Under varied loads such as cyclic and / or transient loading , soil structures or foundation will induce permanent and / or fluctuating plastic deformations . such plastic deformations are cumulative and / or alternating in nature with increase of time of loading during a sequence of cyclic loading . if the resulting accumulated deformations is limited within a given bound or the alternating deformations will be adapted to a given plastic state after a certain cycle numbers or a certain period of loading , the soils will be in shakedown state 在復雜變值荷載作用下，結構有可能出現兩種狀態：一種是在若干次載荷循環之后，塑性變形趨于穩定，在此后繼的載荷循環中結構表現為純彈性響應，這種狀態稱為安定狀態( shakedown ) ；另一種則是塑性流動一直持續地發展或不斷反復，直至結構破壞，結構的破壞有兩種型式：一種是由塑性應變的累積引起的增量塑性破壞；一種是塑性變形多次反復引起的疲勞破壞，也稱為交變塑性破壞。

Investigations showed that one of the most important characteristics of pearlitic materials is the decrease of ratcheting rate , the plastic shakedown capability , and the memory and recovery of the accumulated plastic strain under asymmetrical stress cycles . it was found that the interaction between phases plays an important role in the mechanical behavior of pearlitic materials , such as wearability and contact fatigue life 珠光體材料的重要特性之一是在非對稱應力循環下循環蠕變速率的減緩并趨于塑性安定以及材料對循環蠕變史的記憶與恢復；同時珠光體材料的宏觀力學性能與其細觀結構密切相關，在很大程度上取決于珠光體材料的微結構及其相互作用。

Abstract : the shakedown of the continuous beam with unifromly distributed load subject to alternating is analyzed in detail and maximum loads of the shakedown have been determined . it is 0 . 46 times more than elastic maximu m load . it makes a point that the analysis is applicable to continuous beam with many supports 文摘:分析了均布交變載荷作用下兩跨連續梁的自動適應，求解了自動適應極限載荷，它是彈性極限載荷的1 . 46倍，文中分析對多跨連續梁建立自動適應算法有參考價值

3 . studying on prediction methods of the initiation life of aero - gear using shakedown analysis methods in order to directly consider in a quantitative way the details of stress - inelastic strain responses , residual stress and residual strain computations , fatigue crack initiation life was evaluated in aero - gear by using th 利用chaboche的材料模型，研究了航空齒輪韌性材料在彈、塑性安定下的輪齒接觸疲勞裂紋萌生準則，該研究結果與相關的齒輪實驗結果比較分析表明：塑性安定下的疲勞裂紋萌生預測方法預測航空齒輪的萌生壽命是較安全的。

Because the kinematically - admissble cyclic strain rate field required in kninematical - type theorem of shakedown analysis is rather difficult to be constructed , shakedown analysis based on kinematcal theorem cannot be directly applied . some conditions of kinematical - type shakedown theorem are released by ksnig and then the shakedown rules respectively for alternating plasticity and incremental collapse are obtained , for the numerical method based on the upper - bound theorem is formulated 兩種方法的特點是：運用一種分級循環加載方式來尋找機動許可的塑性應變率場，利用這兩種機動安定準則的特點來判斷結構的安定性，從而得到機動安定性分析的安定載荷。

In such cases , shakedown analyses are of practical significance . shakedown analyses are aimed to evaluate ultimate bearing capacity of soil structures or foundations under varied loads . shakedown theorems , which are generalizations of the limit theorems , can provide appropriate bounds of externally - applied loads for such complex loading programs 究其原因，一方面安定性分析的應用研究還不夠充分，實驗驗證也不夠多；另一方面安定性分析在處理復雜結構時的計算規模非常大，使得實際問題變得不可求解。

Abstract : according to the requirement of mineral processing for particle size of grinding and based on closed - circuit test to second - stage grinding and production shakedown , the possibility and effect of which two - stage classification technology is used for transformation of the second - stage grinding flowsheet were discussed through calculation and analysis 文摘:考慮到選礦工藝對磨礦產品的粒度要求，根據第2段磨礦機局部閉路生產調試的結果，通過計算和分析，探討用兩段分級技術改造第2段磨礦流程的可能性及其效果。

Both ultimate bearing capacity and shakedown loads of non - homogeneous foundations are computed . based on numerical results computed for different load modes , limit loads and shakedown loads of non - homogeneous foundation and offshore platform foundations are compared . the ultimate loads and shakedown loads for different combinations of horizontal component and vertical component and moment can con 在豎向載荷與水平載荷共同作用下，研究了地基土體的強度特性與土層分布特征對地基承載力的彤響，對地基的極限載荷與安定戳荷進行了比較分析，為全面、綜合地評價非均質地基的穩定性提供了有益的參考。

In this paper , the numerical techniques and computational methods for limit analyses and shakedown analyses of soil structures and foundations are systematically investigated and then are employed to the assessment of the safety of the non - homogeneous foundations and the offshore platform foundations . in this dissertation , the computational method which combines elasto - plastic analysis with melan ' s theorem is developed and then applied to evaluate limit load and shakedown load of soil structures . elasto - plastic analyses are performed to obtain elasto - plastic stress field and elastic stress field 在巖土工程領域，飽和粘土的安定現象與飽和砂土的液化早已為人所知，但是安定性理論及其分析在工程實際中并沒用受到足夠的重視，在這方面的探索研究也極為有限，這與土體穩定性評價中廣泛應用極限分析方法極不協調，而在海洋平臺地基等實際工程中安定性問題又顯得十分重要。

At present an important subject is researched on prediction methods of the initiation life of rolling / sliding contact fatigue of surface hardening layer based on shakedown theories under cycle contact loading for the strategies of applications of contact element , such as gears , bearings , and railroad rails 接觸體表面強化(噴丸、涂層)層的疲勞裂紋萌生壽命的研究，是當前齒輪、軸承等接觸件失效分析中的前沿課題。它具有重要而廣泛的工程背景。

At all events he wound up by concluding , eschewing for the nonce hidebound precedent , a cup of epps s cocoa and a shakedown for the night plus the use of a rug or two and overcoat doubled into a pillow . at least he would be in safe hands and as warm as a toast on a trivet 不管怎樣，他打定主意這樣了結此事：為了避免重蹈那只瘦狗的覆轍，當夜姑且讓他喝上一杯埃普可可251 ，臨時打個地鋪，再給他一兩條圍毯蓋蓋，把大氅折疊起來當枕頭。

In this thesis , two shakedown rules respectively for alternating plasticity and incremental collapse is given as the theoretical basis of upper - bound shakedown analyses , numerical procedures for solving for the upper shakedown loads respectively for alternating plasticity and incremental collapse are provided 提出了極限載荷與安定載荷包絡圖的概念，并將其應用到地基的安定性分析中，使得計算的結果更加清晰、明了。

At present an important issue with respect to the limit analyses and shakedown analyses is to work out effective computational strategies and numerical algorithm for applying the fundamental theories of limit analyses and shakedown analyses to engineering practice 因此，當前安定性研究的一個重要課題是研究應用的策略，尋找切實可行的計算方法，在理論與實際應用之間建立起一座橋梁，使安定理論得以在工程實際中應用。

Second , the direct analysis method was applied to determine the residual stress of rolling / sliding contact between cylinder and plane . more over the limit of shakedown load of contact surface layer was computed with different friction affection 對二維滾滑彈塑性接觸的安定狀態，建立循環載荷下接觸安定狀態分析的計算機應用程序，并進行了殘余應變和殘余應力的分析計算。